School Behavioral Threat Assessment Toolkit

9.0 Integrating School Behavioral Threat Assessment with Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS)

Based on information gathered through the inquiry and a comprehensive assessment of the situation (e.g., using the STEP framework), the team should develop a case management plan tailored to the facts and circumstances of the case. Plans should provide an integrated, collaborative response that draws on school and community resources.

Engagement with the student is often appropriate, particularly for internal cases where the individual may be struggling or in crisis. Each situation should be evaluated individually to determine whether direct engagement is suitable. Intervention strategies should address both immediate crises and support longer-term preventive goals.

For guidance on aligning behavioral threat assessment with existing school frameworks, please see the joint NTAC and PBIS document. This resource provides considerations for integrating threat assessment practices with MTSS/PBIS frameworks.

Reference

Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services. (2025.) Threat Assessment and Management in Virginia Public Schools: Model Policies, Procedures, and Guidelines. Sixth Edition.
www.dcjs.virginia.gov/sites/dcjs.virginia.gov/files/law-enforcement/files/vcscs/K-12_Threat_Assessment_Management_2025.pdf